Advantages and disadvantages of lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium batteries
Lead-acid batteries
At present, it is mainly valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries. The new double tab, wound type, and valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries have been used in HEV as trial, and the energy density is higher than that of ointment.
Advantages: good high-current discharge performance, low price, abundant resources, and high recovery rate
Disadvantages: bulky, low energy density, lead pollutes the environment
Nickel-cadmium batteries
The European Union has banned nickel-cadmium batteries, which cause cadmium pollution.
NiMH batteries
The cost performance of NiMH batteries is obviously better than that of lead-acid batteries, and it is the main power battery of HEV at present.
Advantages: good resistance to overcharge and over discharge, no heavy metal pollution, no problem of electrolyte increase or decrease, sealed design and maintenance-free.
Disadvantages: With the charge-discharge cycle, the hydrogen storage alloy will lose its catalytic effect, and the increase in the internal pressure of the Ni-MH battery will affect the performance
Lithium battery
The energy density of lithium batteries is higher than other batteries, and the mass energy density generally exceeds 200wh/Kg. At present, pure electric vehicles mainly use lithium batteries as power batteries.
Advantages: higher working voltage and energy density, long cycle life and low self-discharge rate of 3%/month
Disadvantages: There are still some fire safety issues to be resolved.
Lithium batteries are widely used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, wind power and solar power plants, as well as in power tools, electric lawn mowers, drones, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, military equipment, aerospace and other fields.
At present, lithium batteries are rapidly expanding into the fields of electric bicycles, electric vehicles, commercial energy storage, home energy storage, and outdoor mobile power sources.
