Photovoltaic materials and devices convert sunlight into electricity. A single photovoltaic unit is called a cell. A single photovoltaic cell typically produces about 1 or 2 watts of power. These cells are made of different semiconductor materials, and the cells are sandwiched between protective materials.
Photovoltaic cells are linked together in chains to form larger modules or panels. Modules can be used individually, or multiple modules can be linked to form a distributed matrix. One or more arrays are then connected to the grid as part of a complete photovoltaic system.
A photovoltaic system also includes mounting structures that point the panels at direct angles to the sun, and components that convert the direct current (DC) electricity produced by the modules into alternating current (AC) electricity.
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